Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. iU Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Answers may vary. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. %PDF-1.6 % 2 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. endstream endobj startxref The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Video Activity 7. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. hb```lRB The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. Introduction To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. 318 0 obj <>stream Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. 254 0 obj <> endobj hb```lJB endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Answers may vary. 0 What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. II. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. v0E H+1Q` d Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. Let's Go! View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. 316 0 obj <>stream Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. But why werent there any tuskless males?. Watch the . 6. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. 2. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. 0 Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. 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