No motivation? )Tj 3 -3.46 TD 0.0001 Tw (K values for a circular hole centered in an axially loaded plate can be calculated)Tj -3 -1.16 TD 0.0003 Tw (using the formula \(Roark and Young \(1989\)\))Tj 8.32 -1.92 TD 0 Tw ( )Tj ET 0.499 w 263.907 422.113 m 276.596 422.113 l 325.196 422.113 m 337.885 422.113 l 395.986 422.113 m 408.675 422.113 l S BT /F7 1 Tf 12.001 0 0 11.97 195.118 419.027 Tm (K)Tj 6.3151 0.6276 TD (r)Tj -0.5078 -1.3906 TD (W)Tj 5.6146 1.3906 TD (r)Tj -0.5078 -1.3906 TD (W)Tj 6.4062 1.3906 TD (r)Tj -0.5078 -1.3906 TD (W)Tj /F9 1 Tf -15.8307 0.763 TD 0.9067 Tc [(=-)-3138.1(+)]TJ 9.3438 0.4661 TD 0 Tc (\346)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\350)Tj 1.5964 1.0495 TD (\366)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\370)Tj 1.1146 0.5833 TD (-)Tj 3.1875 0.4661 TD (\346)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\350)Tj 1.5964 1.0495 TD (\366)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\370)Tj /F3 1 Tf -16.0521 0.5833 TD 0.9115 Tc [(33)661.5(1)911.5(3)]TJ 4.0182 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (2)Tj 1.9896 -0.6276 TD 0.25 Tc [(36)250(6)]TJ 3.1172 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (2)Tj 2.8177 -0.6276 TD 0.25 Tc [(15)250(3)]TJ 3.0807 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (2)Tj 7.001 0 0 6.982 344.386 432.712 Tm 9.5982 Tc (23)Tj 12.001 0 0 11.97 239.279 419.027 Tm 0 Tc [(.)-1117.2(*)-2729.2(.)-1153.6(*)-4031.2(. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Use a factor of safety of 1.3. )Tj /F10 1 Tf -1.5 -1.16 TD 0 Tw (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD (The maximum deformation is 0.005 in. )596.3(\))1583.3(\))]TJ 15.8255 0.763 TD 3.2292 Tc (..)Tj /F10 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 391.217 Tm 0 Tc (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD 0.0002 Tw (Next, find the average area of the fillet section by approximating with a straight line. The stress, )Tj /F10 1 Tf 12 0 2.551 12 427.921 421.697 Tm 0 Tw (s)Tj /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 435.157 421.697 Tm (, is related as)Tj -28.763 -1.2 TD (follows:)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.499 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 312.589 384.289 m 321.862 384.289 l 360.328 384.289 m 380.748 384.289 l S BT /F9 1 Tf 11.99 0 2.638 11.985 290.983 381.199 Tm (s)Tj 6.0585 -0.763 TD (s)Tj 11.99 0 0 11.985 302.66 381.199 Tm 1.3 Tc [(=\336)154.2(=)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 0.9323 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (P)Tj 0.0234 -1.3906 TD (A)Tj 2.1823 0.763 TD (A)Tj 1.7708 0.6276 TD (P)Tj 6.994 0 0 6.991 370.195 369.027 Tm 0.0001 Tc (all)Tj /F3 1 Tf -0.4732 2.3884 TD (max)Tj /F12 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 381.841 381.137 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 10.5006 0 TD 0.0064 Tc [(\(1)6.4(\))]TJ -34.8206 -2.58 TD 0 Tc (P)Tj 6.96 0 0 6.96 96.721 347.777 Tm (max)Tj 12 0 0 12 108.721 350.177 Tm 0.0001 Tw ( is the maximum internal force acting at the section of interest and )Tj /F10 1 Tf 26.7503 0 TD 0 Tw (s)Tj /F4 1 Tf 6.96 0 0 6.96 436.961 347.777 Tm (all )Tj 12 0 0 12 447.401 350.177 Tm (is the)Tj -29.7833 -1.2 TD 0.0002 Tw (allowable stress the material can sustain. ACI Committee 209. This load is parallel to the surface of the object, i.e., it is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the object, and also the axial load, if any. If you fail to plan and don't allow yourself enough recovery time in between axial training, you put yourself at risk irritating chronic injuries, burnout, and hard-to-conquer training plateaus. While repetitive mechanical loading can lead to skeletal fatigue, it can also act as a potent anabolic stimulus. This research was supported by a grant (Code No. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. TSE: Planning and Performing Experiments, Analyzing Experimental Results, and Drafting the Manuscript. 4!>Gi)nH.P!N5u+.p9(b,=8UD,=8UI6WglN5qPAA\c`!9!! (1997). This information may be useful to consider for the diagnosis and. To find the)Tj -25.24 -1.2 TD 0.0002 Tw (depth, c, we will apply the shear stress formulas. (1991) Creep Buckling of uniaxially loaded reinforced concrete columns. Thus, the force generated by the load is 98 N. The area of the cross-section is. )Tj /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 256.337 Tm (This time, )Tj /F10 1 Tf 4.3063 0 TD (s)Tj /F4 1 Tf 6.96 0 0 6.96 148.913 253.937 Tm (trial)Tj 12 0 0 12 160.081 256.337 Tm ( > /ExtGState << /GS1 14 0 R >> >> endobj 36 0 obj << /Length 9269 >> stream 3953. We can look at the first moment of area in each direction from the following formulas: The first moment of area is the integral of a length over an area - that means it will have the units of length cubed [L 3 ]. The force owing to the axial load acts on the central axis of the object, and it can be a compressing or stretching force. 6789 Quail Hill Pkwy, Suite 211 Irvine CA 92603. 2011) and the fluid levels, in both experimental models as well as in clinical studies (Cheung et al. )Tj ET 0.501 w 111.309 330.471 m 127.556 330.471 l 140.865 330.471 m 220.661 330.471 l S BT /F9 1 Tf 11.998 0 2.639 12.034 91.094 327.368 Tm (d)Tj 11.998 0 0 12.034 101.374 327.368 Tm 1.9145 Tc [(==)-5296.9(=)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 0.9427 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (PL)Tj -0.0156 -1.3906 TD (EA)Tj 13.362 0.763 TD (in)Tj /F3 1 Tf -9.7318 0.6276 TD [(1000)-823(0)-250(5)]TJ -1.2109 -1.3906 TD [(29000000)-823(0)-250(0)0(8)]TJ 7.6823 0.763 TD [(0)-250(00022)]TJ -4.3099 0.6276 TD 0.6615 Tc (*. Here's how changing everything about your training can get you back on track. )rq# )Tj 11.1224 0.763 TD 2.6849 Tc (..)Tj /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 678.257 Tm 0 Tc 0.0001 Tw (For a nominal value we will choose 7/8 in or 0.875in)Tj 0 -2.3 TD 0.0001 Tc (For our new value of W)Tj 6.96 0 0 6.96 204.995 648.257 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 12 0 0 12 208.561 650.657 Tm 0.0002 Tw ( our value of K will be slightly affected, but will still have a)Tj -9.88 -1.16 TD (value of approximately 1.3, it will be slightly lower, but that will only ensure our safe)Tj T* (design. Assume that the mass of the load acting on it is 10 Kg. ACI Structural Journal, 86(2), 150155. !BW=g/A\6EgtF6Eh(i We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The lateral displacements measured by the LVDTs were disturbed at (tt0)=42, 50, and 78days during the re-tightening process of post-tensioning rods. A = The area of the cross-section. 4%1B&6s6id:c(+"AKsWO,=Q0O,=Q"EM0,@s9I1a>C2Yt$`AAKsVdYQH4[@Uj'oYQH4\A["*Ze6:! Under an axial load a member in tension lengthens, a member)Tj 0 -1.14 TD 0.0002 Tw (in compression shortens and deformation due to shear is usually not significant for design)Tj 0 -1.16 TD (purposes. Construction sequence analysis of the flat plate system in a high-rise building and its impact on the construction cycle. If the balance is not maintained, it will lead to more wear and tear of the spinning object, resulting in its failure. !LWu5!RLl2!^Qle!c%l+")%dV"2+h("@<5i"EO]u"bm2=#3c%grl"f`rqHFJs+UMN !/(AY".BG_!ndQr!7(cT!8[gZ"M=f^!j2W""RlRm !4W"p"&/c9!#P\X!)*E.!EB,f!1EnV!13bl!!E:H!,2EI!*9/)AsA. )Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.501 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 304.63 219.831 m 320.893 219.831 l S BT /F9 1 Tf 12.009 0 2.642 12.034 270.136 216.729 Tm (d)Tj 12.009 0 0 12.034 280.425 216.729 Tm (=)Tj 18.014 0 0 18.051 290.119 214.002 Tm (\345)Tj /F7 1 Tf 12.009 0 0 12.034 306.006 224.281 Tm (PL)Tj -0.0156 -1.3906 TD (EA)Tj /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 322.081 216.737 Tm ( \(4\))Tj -19.34 -2.98 TD 0.0002 Tw (In this case the design is more open-ended. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Dept. "H!6o!OMh."K;A$!]^9,! This allowable value will either be provided in the problem)Tj -5.18 -1.16 TD (statement, specified in a technical standard or code, or it may have to be deduced from)Tj T* (the information provided. )Tj 0 -2.34 TD (FBD:)Tj ET 144.241 194.657 m 144.961 194.657 l 145.201 180.257 l 145.201 179.537 l 144.481 179.537 l 144.241 193.937 l f 140.881 180.737 m 144.721 172.817 l 148.561 180.737 l 140.881 180.737 l f* 0.72 w 162.121 362.657 m 162.121 347.777 l S 165.841 361.937 m 162.001 369.857 l 158.161 361.937 l 165.841 361.937 l f* 126.121 362.657 m 126.121 347.777 l S 129.841 361.937 m 126.001 369.857 l 122.161 361.937 l 129.841 361.937 l f* 1 g 133.681 194.657 20.88 157.68 re f 133.321 352.697 21.6 -158.4 re S 90.001 338.417 28.8 21.6 re f BT 12 0 0 12 97.201 345.857 Tm 0 g 0 Tw (V)Tj ET 1 g 126.001 144.017 50.4 21.6 re f BT 12 0 0 12 133.201 151.457 Tm 0 g (1000)Tj ET endstream endobj 40 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F3 6 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F6 8 0 R /F7 9 0 R /F9 11 0 R /F10 12 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 14 0 R >> >> endobj 42 0 obj << /Length 6599 >> stream )Tj -3 -1.14 TD (In design, this is helpful to us because it allows us to juggle multiple variables or to find)Tj 0 -1.16 TD (more information by applying other design criteria. If your restricted ankle issues stem from joint mobility problems, foam rolling and stretching won't help. )Tj /F10 1 Tf -26.28 -2.36 TD (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD 0.0002 Tw (Our next try will be two inches. +X'u?/5&rE+@V/q6lR9m=Y20t;^4q4>$*a'+X'u?/5&rE3#a"a=Y22/'15k()Zj.o Progress stalled in the gym? )Tj /F10 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 357.377 Tm (s)Tj /F4 1 Tf 6.96 0 0 6.96 97.237 354.977 Tm (trial )Tj 12 0 0 12 110.161 357.377 Tm (> )Tj /F10 1 Tf 0.82 0 TD (s)Tj /F4 1 Tf 6.96 0 0 6.96 127.237 354.977 Tm (all)Tj 12 0 0 12 134.161 357.377 Tm 0.0002 Tw ( so our guess of 1 inch was too low; choose a greater W)Tj 6.96 0 0 6.96 401.761 354.977 Tm 0 Tw (1)Tj 12 0 0 12 405.361 357.377 Tm (. )Tj -20.4231 -2.32 TD (Peterson, Rudolph Earl \(1974\). ;HUI0,malG=]nD-"9DFD>Ze7P,Xk,+ The traditional explanation of obesity-induced OA is that the added axial load on the joints accelerates normal joint "wear and tear" that occurs with aging. However, if the nonuniformity is)Tj 0 -1.16 TD (abrupt then the stress changes sharply forming a stress concentration. !&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8 [.Uh :U+-p"=jSt!87P4!=&b$!8@V` *)Tj 2.8802 -0.763 TD 0.6615 Tc (*. 7'SBb77:9\\H.Ne*(X_UoZ!9P*7'\m> McGregor, J. G. (1997). In assuming that A-36)Tj 0 -1.14 TD (steel behaves like aluminum we will pick the smaller of these two values, namely 42%,)Tj 0 -1.16 TD (and use that percentage as our shear strength for A-36 steel. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffuse bone marrow changes in the vertebral bodies with only a small unilateral endplate fracture. Part of )-1117.2(*)-2661.5( \(6\))]TJ /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 396.257 Tm 0.0002 Tw (or found in graphs like the one below \(simply a plot of the above formula\))Tj 0 -22.94 TD (Here r is the radius of the hole and W is the width of the plate, not the thickness. It is)Tj 0 -1.16 TD 0.0001 Tw (interesting to note that the maximum K is 3.0, hence in the absence of data, one can)Tj 0 -1.14 TD 0.0002 Tw (design conservatively using this value. F = maWhere m is the mass of the load, and a is its acceleration. 1-csuFtu<0A83kb+Co4B5UKZA1-csc?SXkn:K0)7+AYrl\,r82,UXZm:MTtR5n=$@ Even slight variations in balance can affect the functioning of the object, which when used for longer periods will reduce the lifespan of the object. and Shandong Provincial Key Lab. 5[be>AmhhG-6l&P/M'=87O)?G5[Y_=-=O,D@B]k],=k?W/--;)49.Jq/0IA++L'*Y Tatsa, E. Z. (5). This is approximately 42% of the yield stress for compression/tension. European Committee for Standardization. For W)Tj 6.96 0 0 6.96 297.361 326.657 Tm 0 Tw (1)Tj 12 0 0 12 300.961 329.057 Tm (=2 inches, K= 2.663)Tj ET 228.768 298.129 m 274.574 298.129 l 324.159 298.129 m 369.277 298.129 l S BT /F9 1 Tf 11.998 0 2.64 11.985 183.463 295.039 Tm (s)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.999 0 0 6.991 191.899 292.012 Tm (trial)Tj 11.998 0 0 11.985 218.364 295.039 Tm (K)Tj 2.9609 0.6276 TD (P)Tj -2.0443 -1.3906 TD (W)Tj 15.3672 0.763 TD (psi)Tj /F9 1 Tf -17.125 0 TD (=)Tj 2.9948 -0.763 TD (-)Tj 2.8125 0.763 TD (=)Tj 4.8516 -0.763 TD (-)Tj 3.0417 0.763 TD (=)Tj /F3 1 Tf -10.9583 0.6276 TD (16)Tj 1.013 -1.3906 TD 0.25 Tc [(02)250(5)]TJ 2.8516 0.763 TD 0 Tc [(2)-250(663)]TJ 3.026 0.6276 TD [(16)-729.1(1000)]TJ 0.3125 -1.3906 TD 0.974 Tc [(20)724(2)974(5)]TJ 4.5547 0.763 TD 0 Tc (24320)Tj 6.999 0 0 6.991 237.58 282.898 Tm (1)Tj 11.998 0 0 11.985 259.326 285.895 Tm (. Prediction of creep, shrinkage and temperature effects in concrete structures, ACI 209R-92 (p. 47). Six cantilever column specimens were concentrically or eccentrically loaded for 64days and the long-term deformations depending on the magnitude of axial load and eccentricity were investigated. Google Scholar. The axial load will also result in deflection, which is, Both these loadsradial and axialare important when studying the motion of a spinning object. However, these studies only examined a limited number of muscles during the lifting . Viest, I. M., Elstner, R. C., & Hognestad, E. (1955). +X'u?/5&lCYQQ8V"=6XD"=:8T,tVMfYQ.X)+Ws.V!**. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Journal information: ISSN 1976-0485 / eISSN 2234-1315. )3505.2(*)]TJ 12.224 0.763 TD 3.5208 Tc (..)Tj /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 604.817 Tm 0 Tc 0.0002 Tw (For a nominal value we will choose 1/32 or 0.03125. As an example, consider one of the large wheels used to drive an aerial lift such as a ski lift.The wire cable wrapped around the wheel exerts a downward force on the wheel and the drive shaft supporting the wheel. Tip: Mobilize Ankle Joints With End Range Oscillations. !!!!WBP:sc%D;q/!!!EA!!!!EBPhj9&ReK9!!!Ee!!!,BCi!!<3$!!!t2!!! !E9' = F/AHere, = The stress caused by the axial load.F = The force generated by the axial load.A = The area of the cross-section. There are several reasons to research the effects of axial twist exposures and the resulting loading on the spine. *"!t/R-+Nuj34T"(3*@3) ?q"G3t#sek!NWP7A YlXn2%4s,"YSn`S7BdXS6nKr47Bck?7:B`2:f1=`6lR9m=Y22/!CL?A@^#hW6EgtN Reinforced concrete structures (p. 769). The axial load will also result in deflection, which is. !WEM!1NtZ!5S[F!>kh[ J7Sb3IK=tM!J!95J6i8,.fk/? !l"d\Z=G$i5mmb+!6PQI!$;9J!9jah!$;9>!29`!5\_B+-::? The increasing rates of such long-term deformations rapidly decreased with increasing time. It covers design for strength, stiffness, and stress)Tj 0 -1.16 TD 0 Tw (concentrations. ;Q`t!$;93Z77=G\,r*a.k)qiJ@Yc3]E*O\!J$mF !&+Iu!'gU0!)N`@!!E@I!d=]i! !-/'-!(Hr\!)ESg!(-`:!'pU*!,2FA!,MX0!)rqd!(Hr\!)ESg!(-`:! )Tj ET 1 g 133.681 162.737 321.84 193.68 re f 0.004 w 134.161 355.817 320.88 -192.48 re S 0.753 g 161.521 339.617 278.16 -145.44 re f* 0.005 w 161.521 215.295 m 439.685 215.295 l 161.521 235.455 m 439.685 235.455 l 161.521 256.815 m 439.685 256.815 l 161.521 276.975 m 439.685 276.975 l 161.521 298.335 m 439.685 298.335 l 161.521 318.495 m 439.685 318.495 l 161.521 339.615 m 439.685 339.615 l S 0.502 G 1.2 w 161.521 339.017 m 440.641 339.017 l S 0.96 w 440.161 339.617 m 440.161 192.977 l S 1.2 w 161.521 193.577 m 440.641 193.577 l S 0.96 w 162.001 339.617 m 162.001 192.977 l S 0 G 0.004 w 161.523 339.617 m 161.523 194.172 l S 0.005 w 159.601 194.175 m 161.525 194.175 l 159.601 215.295 m 161.525 215.295 l 159.601 235.455 m 161.525 235.455 l 159.601 256.815 m 161.525 256.815 l 159.601 276.975 m 161.525 276.975 l 159.601 298.335 m 161.525 298.335 l 159.601 318.495 m 161.525 318.495 l 159.601 339.615 m 161.525 339.615 l 161.521 194.175 m 439.685 194.175 l S 0.004 w 161.523 194.177 m 161.523 191.772 l 201.603 194.177 m 201.603 191.772 l 240.723 194.177 m 240.723 191.772 l 280.563 194.177 m 280.563 191.772 l 320.643 194.177 m 320.643 191.772 l 360.723 194.177 m 360.723 191.772 l 399.603 194.177 m 399.603 191.772 l 439.683 194.177 m 439.683 191.772 l S 0 0 0.502 rg 161.521 318.497 m 162.481 318.497 l 166.561 317.297 l 166.561 316.097 l 165.601 316.097 l 161.521 317.297 l f 165.601 317.297 m 166.561 317.297 l 170.641 316.097 l 170.641 314.897 l 169.681 314.897 l 165.601 316.097 l f 169.681 316.097 m 170.641 316.097 l 174.481 315.137 l 174.481 313.937 l 173.521 313.937 l 169.681 314.897 l f 173.521 315.137 m 174.481 315.137 l 178.561 313.937 l 178.561 312.737 l 177.601 312.737 l 173.521 313.937 l f 177.601 313.937 m 178.561 313.937 l 182.641 312.737 l 182.641 311.537 l 181.681 311.537 l 177.601 312.737 l f 181.681 312.737 m 182.641 312.737 l 186.481 311.777 l 186.481 310.577 l 185.521 310.577 l 181.681 311.537 l f 185.521 311.777 m 186.481 311.777 l 190.561 310.577 l 190.561 309.377 l 189.601 309.377 l 185.521 310.577 l f 189.601 310.577 m 190.561 310.577 l 194.641 309.377 l 194.641 308.177 l 193.681 308.177 l 189.601 309.377 l f 193.681 309.377 m 194.641 309.377 l 198.481 308.417 l 198.481 307.217 l 197.521 307.217 l 193.681 308.177 l f 197.521 308.417 m 198.481 308.417 l 202.561 307.217 l 202.561 306.017 l 201.601 306.017 l 197.521 307.217 l f 201.601 307.217 m 202.561 307.217 l 206.641 306.017 l 206.641 304.817 l 205.681 304.817 l 201.601 306.017 l f 205.681 306.017 m 206.641 306.017 l 210.481 305.057 l 210.481 303.857 l 209.521 303.857 l 205.681 304.817 l f 209.521 305.057 m 210.481 305.057 l 214.561 303.857 l 214.561 302.657 l 213.601 302.657 l 209.521 303.857 l f 0 0 0.502 RG 1.2 w 213.601 303.257 m 218.641 303.257 l S 217.681 303.857 m 218.641 303.857 l 222.481 302.657 l 222.481 301.457 l 221.521 301.457 l 217.681 302.657 l f 221.521 302.657 m 222.481 302.657 l 226.561 301.697 l 226.561 300.497 l 225.601 300.497 l 221.521 301.457 l f 225.601 301.697 m 226.561 301.697 l 230.641 300.497 l 230.641 299.297 l 229.681 299.297 l 225.601 300.497 l f 229.681 299.897 m 233.521 299.897 l S 232.561 300.497 m 233.521 300.497 l 237.601 299.297 l 237.601 298.097 l 236.641 298.097 l 232.561 299.297 l f 236.641 299.297 m 237.601 299.297 l 241.681 298.337 l 241.681 297.137 l 240.721 297.137 l 236.641 298.097 l f 240.721 298.337 m 241.681 298.337 l 245.521 297.137 l 245.521 295.937 l 244.561 295.937 l 240.721 297.137 l f 244.561 296.537 m 249.601 296.537 l 248.641 296.537 m 251.521 296.537 l S 250.561 297.137 m 251.521 297.137 l 253.681 295.937 l 253.681 294.737 l 252.721 294.737 l 250.561 295.937 l f 252.721 295.337 m 257.521 295.337 l S 256.561 295.937 m 257.521 295.937 l 261.601 294.977 l 261.601 293.777 l 260.641 293.777 l 256.561 294.737 l f 260.641 294.977 m 261.601 294.977 l 265.681 293.777 l 265.681 292.577 l 264.721 292.577 l 260.641 293.777 l f 264.721 293.177 m 269.521 293.177 l 268.561 293.177 m 271.681 293.177 l S 270.721 293.777 m 271.681 293.777 l 273.601 292.577 l 273.601 291.377 l 272.641 291.377 l 270.721 292.577 l f 272.641 291.977 m 277.681 291.977 l 276.721 291.977 m 279.601 291.977 l S 278.641 292.577 m 279.601 292.577 l 281.521 291.617 l 281.521 290.417 l 280.561 290.417 l 278.641 291.377 l f 280.561 291.017 m 285.601 291.017 l 284.641 291.017 m 287.521 291.017 l S 286.561 291.617 m 287.521 291.617 l 289.681 290.417 l 289.681 289.217 l 288.721 289.217 l 286.561 290.417 l f 288.721 289.817 m 293.521 289.817 l 292.561 289.817 m 295.681 289.817 l S 294.721 290.417 m 295.681 290.417 l 297.601 289.217 l 297.601 288.017 l 296.641 288.017 l 294.721 289.217 l f 296.641 288.617 m 301.681 288.617 l 300.721 288.617 m 305.521 288.617 l 304.561 288.617 m 307.681 288.617 l S 306.721 289.217 m 307.681 289.217 l 309.601 288.257 l 309.601 287.057 l 308.641 287.057 l 306.721 288.017 l f 308.641 287.657 m 313.681 287.657 l 312.721 287.657 m 315.601 287.657 l S 314.641 288.257 m 315.601 288.257 l 317.521 287.057 l 317.521 285.857 l 316.561 285.857 l 314.641 287.057 l f 316.561 286.457 m 321.601 286.457 l 320.641 286.457 m 325.681 286.457 l 324.721 286.457 m 327.601 286.457 l S 326.641 287.057 m 327.601 287.057 l 329.521 285.857 l 329.521 284.657 l 328.561 284.657 l 326.641 285.857 l f 328.561 285.257 m 333.601 285.257 l 332.641 285.257 m 337.681 285.257 l 336.721 285.257 m 339.601 285.257 l S 338.641 285.857 m 339.601 285.857 l 341.521 284.897 l 341.521 283.697 l 340.561 283.697 l 338.641 284.657 l f 340.561 284.297 m 345.601 284.297 l 344.641 284.297 m 349.681 284.297 l 348.721 284.297 m 353.521 284.297 l 352.561 284.297 m 355.681 284.297 l S 354.721 284.897 m 355.681 284.897 l 357.601 283.697 l 357.601 282.497 l 356.641 282.497 l 354.721 283.697 l f 356.641 283.097 m 361.681 283.097 l 360.721 283.097 m 365.521 283.097 l 364.561 283.097 m 369.601 283.097 l 368.641 283.097 m 372.481 283.097 l 371.521 283.097 m 374.641 283.097 l S 373.681 283.697 m 374.641 283.697 l 376.561 282.497 l 376.561 281.297 l 375.601 281.297 l 373.681 282.497 l f 375.601 281.897 m 380.641 281.897 l 379.681 281.897 m 384.481 281.897 l 383.521 281.897 m 388.561 281.897 l 387.601 281.897 m 392.641 281.897 l 391.681 281.897 m 394.561 281.897 l S 393.601 282.497 m 394.561 282.497 l 396.481 281.537 l 396.481 280.337 l 395.521 280.337 l 393.601 281.297 l f 395.521 280.937 m 400.561 280.937 l S BT /F6 1 Tf 8.321 0 0 9.319 150.957 190.316 Tm 0 g 0 Tw (0)Tj -0.8364 2.2922 TD 0.0263 Tc (0.5)Tj 0.8364 2.1633 TD 0 Tc (1)Tj -0.8364 2.2663 TD 0.0263 Tc (1.5)Tj 0.8364 2.1635 TD 0 Tc (2)Tj -0.8364 2.2922 TD 0.0263 Tc (2.5)Tj 0.8364 2.1633 TD 0 Tc (3)Tj -0.8364 2.2922 TD 0.0263 Tc (3.5)Tj 1.9325 -16.9465 TD [(0)-3744.1(0.1)-3203.6(0.2)-3347.9(0.3)-3318.9(0.4)-3347.9(0.5)-3232.4(0.6)-3319.1(0.7)]TJ ET 0 G 0.004 w 134.161 355.817 320.88 -192.48 re S 1 g 101.281 251.057 20.88 28.08 re f 1 G 0.003 w 100.921 279.497 21.6 -28.8 re S q 108.481 254.897 6.48 20.88 re W n BT /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 108.481 265.217 Tm 0 g 0 Tc (K)Tj ET Q 266.881 138.017 85.68 20.88 re f 266.521 159.257 86.4 -21.6 re S BT /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 274.081 144.737 Tm 0 g 0 Tc (2r/W)Tj ET endstream endobj 21 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F3 6 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F6 8 0 R /F7 9 0 R /F9 11 0 R /F10 12 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 14 0 R >> >> endobj 23 0 obj << /Length 34972 >> stream YU_6..Om#$!3c\qYQdH&/M')i.Om#$2(^A&\,mm"E"F/%! Axial load is also known as thrust load. )Tj 3 -2.32 TD 0.0001 Tw (You may encounter a member with several loads applied throughout the length, or)Tj -3 -1.14 TD 0.0003 Tw (one that has several different materials or cross sectional areas. !!*'"!"ApY!!<3t:K&o%:l&%Q!!"#.!!!!o@r5Xnn4NpM!!!pJ!! P- effect). )Tj ET 0.499 w 263.431 469.633 m 276.121 469.633 l 324.723 469.633 m 337.413 469.633 l 395.517 469.633 m 408.206 469.633 l S BT /F7 1 Tf 12.002 0 0 11.97 194.638 466.547 Tm 0 Tw (K)Tj 6.3151 0.6276 TD (r)Tj -0.5078 -1.3906 TD (W)Tj 5.6146 1.3906 TD (r)Tj -0.5078 -1.3906 TD (W)Tj 6.4063 1.3906 TD (r)Tj -0.5078 -1.3906 TD (W)Tj /F9 1 Tf -15.8307 0.763 TD 0.9067 Tc [(=-)-3138.1(+)]TJ 9.3437 0.4661 TD 0 Tc (\346)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\350)Tj 1.5964 1.0495 TD (\366)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\370)Tj 1.1146 0.5833 TD (-)Tj 3.1875 0.4661 TD (\346)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\350)Tj 1.5964 1.0495 TD (\366)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\370)Tj /F3 1 Tf -16.0521 0.5833 TD 0.9115 Tc [(33)661.5(1)911.5(3)]TJ 4.0182 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (2)Tj 1.9896 -0.6276 TD 0.25 Tc [(36)250(6)]TJ 3.1172 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (2)Tj 2.8177 -0.6276 TD 0.25 Tc [(15)250(3)]TJ 3.0807 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (2)Tj 7.001 0 0 6.982 343.914 480.231 Tm 9.5982 Tc (23)Tj 12.002 0 0 11.97 238.802 466.547 Tm 1.1172 Tc [(.*)-1612(.)-36.4(*)-2914(. The deformation is)Tj T* 0 Tw (related to the internal normal load )Tj /F8 1 Tf 13.8318 0 TD (P)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.6082 0 TD (, the length of the member )Tj /F8 1 Tf 10.8047 0 TD (L)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.5553 0 TD (, the modulus of)Tj -25.8 -1.16 TD (elasticity )Tj /F8 1 Tf 3.86 0 TD (E)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.62 0 TD 0.0002 Tw (, and the cross-sectional area )Tj /F8 1 Tf 11.78 0 TD (A )Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.861 0 TD 0 Tw (in the following way:)Tj -14.121 -6.9 TD 0.0002 Tw (As one can see in \(3\), more information is needed with each successive equation.
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