The percentage of spermatozoa with an average path velocity greater than 20m/s were considered as motile and those with a straight-line velocity more than 40m/s were recorded as showing progressive motility. Pitocin has the empirical formula C43H66N12O12S2 (molecular weight 1007.19). Artificial insemination in pigs today. The possibility of increased blood loss and afibrinogenemia should be kept in mind when administering the drug. However, even a small reduction in laboring may provide significant relief to the pregnant mother. This study characterized concentrations of SP-OXT in ejaculates from boars used in artificial insemination (AI) programs aiming to evaluate its relationship with sperm quality variables and in vivo fertility of their liquid-stored AI-semen. Epub 2020 Jun 11. The positive effect of the SP-OXT on fertility could be due to the fact that it activates endometrial as well as myometrial OXTRs, which are highly expressed during estrus and more especially during the periovulatory period [41]. 2011;66:1122. 2019;137:3642. Local OXT synthesis and the presence of OXT receptor (OXTR) have been located in the male reproductive tract of several mammalian species (pig: [20]; cow: [21]; rat: [22]; horse: [23]; sheep: [24]; human: [25]). To evaluate the variability among boars (inter-boar variability) and among the ejaculates from the same boar (intra-boar variability), SP samples from ejaculates (four samples collected from four ejaculates per boar) of 18 boars from Large White (n=5) and Landrace (n=13) breeds were analyzed. doi: 10.1002/ajp.22871. To the very best of our knowledge, this is apparently the first study measuring the concentration of OXT in pig SP and the first report conducted in a livestock species assessing an eventual putative influence of SP-OXT concentrations on sperm reproductive performance post-AI. Nagasawa T, Kimura Y, Masuda K, Uchiyama H. Animals (Basel). 2017;14(1):6981. By Robin Elise Weiss, PhD, MPH The harvested SP was microscopically examined (Eclipse E400; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) to check for sperm presence. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.04.003. 2010;31(2):188200. Specifically, in pigs has been identified OXTR in the epididymis and testis [20]. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. [44] in mice, who considered that OXT is a hormone that in blood plasma would be age-dependent, decreasing the concentrations as the age of individuals increased. Plasma concentrations of oxytocin and 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2a in spontaneous and oxytocin-induced labor at term. Violin plots displaying oxytocin (ng/mL) concentration levels and its distribution in seminal plasma (SP-OXT) of entire ejaculates (n=72) from 18 artificial insemination boars (four ejaculates per boar). Robin Elise Weiss, PhD, MPH is a professor, author, childbirth and postpartum educator, certified doula, and lactation counselor. Sign up to our regular newsletter and access news from across the Global AG Media network, Figure 1. However, recent research has shown that oxytocin use can increase the number of pigs stillborn when used too early in the birth process. ; Funding acquisition: J.R.; Investigation: L.P., M.L-A., S.M-S, and I.B. Multiparous patients. The standard solution for infusion of Pitocin is prepared by adding the contents of one 1-mL vial containing 10 units of oxytocin to 1000 mL of 0.9% aqueous sodium chloride or Ringer's lactate. CAS Pitocin or Oxytocin is a hormone your body produces to start things like labor, breastfeeding, and more. Three technical replicates (with 10,000 events positive to Hoechst 33342 [H-42]) were analyzed for each semen sample. Prostaglandin is one of the hormones that is produced naturally by the sow to end pregnancy and start the farrowing process. The oxytocin group is the mean of two different oxytocin sources where the sows were administered a single dose of oxytocin after the first pig had been born. 2014;81(6):7806. National Library of Medicine The combined solution containing 10 milliunits (mU) of oxytocin/mL is rotated in the infusion bottle for thorough mixing. Semen samples were grouped (hierarchical clustering, P<0.001) in two groups according to their SP-OXT, one showing the highest OXT concentrations (from 27.79 to 61.04ng/mL, n=17) and another group showing the lowest OXT concentration (from 2.91 to 24.33ng/mL, n=19). Consequently, OXT is sometimes used as an additive to semen AI-doses in order to accelerate the progression of semen towards the uterus for better colonization of the uterine-tubal reservoir [29]. Thus, this study suggests that oxytocin administration was causing umbilical cord injury that compromised delivery of oxygen to the piglet during the birth process which caused stillbirth deaths. Arch Exp Vet. Bodanszky M, Sharaf H, Roy JB, Said SI. Oxytocin can help us bond with loved ones and can be released through touch, music and exercise. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.043. Oxytocin has specific receptors in the myometrium and the receptor concentration increases greatly during pregnancy, reaching a maximum in early labor at term. Correspondence to However, it's difficult to objectively separate the effects of the drug and what might have happened without Pitocin, as this can not be known. To improve AI-efficiency, the latest trends point towards to a reduction in both the sperm numbers per AI-dose and the number of AIs performed per sow, which will lead to more than 6,000 sows being inseminated each year with semen from a single boar [4, 5]. Specifically, more than 200106 sperm/mL, 70% motile sperm and 75% sperm with normal morphology. eCollection 2021. The medication is administered through an IV, and its effects typically start within 30 minutes to an hour. Oxytocin is a hormone thats produced in the hypothalamus We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. 2010;140(4):61322. Focusing on male pigs, the OXT concentrations measured in SP in this study were higher than those previously reported in saliva samples also collected from boars used in AI programs and measured using the same procedure [36]. Lpez-Arjona M, Mainau E, Navarro E, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Escribano D, Mateo SV, Manteca X, Cern JJ, Martnez-Subiela S. BMC Vet Res. Major survey findings of Listening to Mothers(SM) III: Pregnancy and birth: Report of the third National U.S. Survey of Women's Childbearing Experiences. PubMed 4A). The data reported in the present study showed that OXT was present at measurable concentrations in the SP from all ejaculates analyzed, with the highest volume ejaculates and those from the youngest boars showing the highest concentrations. There are many reasons Pitocin is used to induce labor. Additionally, people may choose to induce using Pitocin due to timing or other issues, such as working around schedules to ensure a partner (or a specific doctor) can be present at the delivery. Sperm motility was evaluated using a computer assisted sperm analyzer (CASA, ISASV1, Proiser R+D S.L., Paterna, Spain). Noteworthy, the measured concentrations of OXT in single SP samples (one ejaculate per boar) varied between boars but not between breeds. 2018;53(S2):1801. See ADVERSE REACTIONS in the fetus or neonate. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. In any case, the results of these studies support our findings about the positive role of seminal OXT in porcine semen fertility. Cell Tissue Res. Farrowing variable in saline solution-treated (control) and oxytocin-treated sows, Table 3. Together with neurophysin, it is packaged into neurosecretory Once the ejaculate volume was measured, three 5mL semen aliquots were collected from each ejaculate to: (1) measure sperm concentration and evaluate sperm morphology; (2) evaluate sperm functional parameters once extended to 30106 sperm/mL and stored at 17C for 72h (analyzed at 0h and 72h of storage time); and (3) harvest SP samples for OXT measurement. 2011;(7):CD007123. This increase in litter size was not found in the present study, perhaps because the SP-OXT concentrations measured in the present study were significantly lower than those used in the aforementioned studies, which ranged from 0.04 to 0.1IU/mL. Pitocin is a hormone that is used to induce labor or strengthen uterine contractions, or to control bleeding after childbirth. Boars of the same breed are genetically very similar, at least those used in our study. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to classify ejaculates into groups according to seminal OXT concentration and two groups were generated, one with higher and other with lower SP-OXT samples. The most relevant finding of this study was that the SP concentrations of OXT were positively related to farrowing rates of a selected number of AI-boars, collected over data from 3,167 AI-bred sows. Sperm membrane lipid disorders were assessed in 50L semen samples extended in 950L of PBS and incubated with 2.5L of H-42 (0.05mg/mL in PBS) and 10L of Yo-Pro-1 (2.5mol/L in DMSO) at 38C in darkness for 8min. Robin Elise Weiss, PhD, MPH is a professor, author, childbirth and postpartum educator, certified doula, and lactation counselor. For this purpose, it is given by injection either into a muscle or into a vein. Anim Reprod. 2014;119:2238. Artificial insemination (AI) is the most widespread and effective reproductive technology for the production and genetic improvement of pigs worldwide [1,2,3]. Elabd C, Cousin W, Upadhyayula P, Chen RY, Chooljian MS, Li J, et al. Do your own research. Effect of reduction and alkylation treatment in three different assays used for the measurement of oxytocin in saliva of pigs. In vivo fertility included only 18 Large White and Landrace boars whose AI-semen was used to inseminated >100 sows and evaluated both farrowing rate and litter size of 3,167 sows. If the patient has an intravenous infusion running, 10 to 40 units of oxytocin may be added to the bottle, depending on the amount of electrolyte or dextrose solution remaining (maximum 40 units to 1000 mL). Measuring peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin in nonhuman primates. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(02)01157-3. Kang S, Pang W-K, Ryu D-Y, Song W-H, Rahman MS, Park Y-J, et al. PubMed Central 2014;5(1):4082. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5082. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00620-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00620-z. A. Theriogenology. However, there are still drawbacks in meeting this challenge, one of the most important ones being the wide variability among boars in the ability of sperm to withstand preservation, either at liquid or frozen state, as well as on in vivo fertility rates after AI [4, 6, 7]. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmk002. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. I mean, don't trust me. Seitchik J, Castillo M: Oxytocin augmentation of dysfunctional labor. As a medication, it is used to cause contraction of the uterus to start labor, increase the speed of labor, and to stop bleeding following delivery. Domest Anim Endocrinol. Statistical differences were defined as P<0.05. Google Scholar. The last studies in this realm have proposed searching for these biomarkers in seminal plasma (SP), a protein rich-fluid composed mainly by secretions from epididymis and accessory sex glands [8]. During the end of pregnancy, the release of oxytocin stimulates the muscles of the uterus. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(98)00032-6. Theriogenology. Concentrations of the small peptide hormone oxytocin (OXT), involved in male reproductive function and present in the seminal plasma (SP) of several species could be a robust one. This hypothesis would be supported by the in vitro experiments carried out by Bodanszky et al.
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