Please note that the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System contains just an index of the men who served in the Civil War with only rudimentary information from the service records (including name, rank and unit in which they served). Coupled with the U.S. blockade of all ports the devastation of plantations, farms and railroads meant the Confederacy increasingly lost the capacity to feed its soldiers and civilians. The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (18611865), fighting against the United States forces to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold the institution of slavery. "[94] African American slave labor was used in a wide variety of logistical support roles for the Confederacy, from infrastructure and mining, to teamster and medical roles such as hospital attendants and nurses. The Confederacy wanted to recruit Indians east of the Mississippi River in 1862, so they opened up a recruiting camp in Mobile, Alabama "at the foot of Stone Street". It is estimated that over 100,000 Confederate soldiers deserted during the war, more than 250,000 died of wounds or disease and 200,000 were wounded. These Confederate soldiers were from the 11 states that had seceded from the United States of America and joined the Confederate States of America. Sources:McKim, Randolph A. [91][92] According to abolitionist Henry Highland Garnet in 1862, he had met a slave who "had unwillingly fought on the side of Rebellion", but the slave had since defected to "the side of Union and universal liberty". This database contains records of Confederate soldiers who served in military organizations that were formed by the Confederate Government. America Fold3 provides convenient access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who served. Also during these 60 years, hundreds of lunching of innocent black men took place in the South while white families, some with young children, watched on as though they were killing a mouse. Why SJF Cannot be implemented practically? Historian James M. McPherson says: Confederate and Union soldiers interpreted the heritage of 1776 in opposite ways. This was the highest rate of desertion of any Confederate state. Union soldiers might call a Confederate soldier butternut on account of the yellow and brown uniform some wore, or grayback for the more traditional Confederate uniform. By Kershaw's own account, at first, he denied the request, but later he relented. The rhetoric of liberty that had permeated the letters of Confederate volunteers in 1861, grew even stronger as the war progressed. The braid was sometimes left off by officers since it made them conspicuous targets. See answer (1) Best Answer. During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also called the Northern Army, referred to the United States Army, the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. What Were the Major Strategies of the Civil War? Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. W. Harrison Daniel, "Southern Protestantism and Army Missions in the Confederacy. [20] The War Department asked for 8,000 volunteers on March 9, 20,000 on April 8, and 49,000 on and after April 16. Monument depicting Kirkland giving water to wounded Union troops at . i dont know the answer thats why i was looking for it on here. There are nine major U.S. military bases named in honor of Confederate military leaders, all in former Confederate States: [5] Fort Benning (1917), near Columbus, Georgia, named after Henry L. Benning, a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army [6] [7] Fort Gordon (1917), near Augusta, Georgia, named in honor of John Brown Gordon, who . the "CSA"), whereas the northern states that remained united under the U.S. Constitution were called collectively "the Union.". Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. His body was returned home to Kershaw County, South Carolina, and he was buried in the "Old Quaker Cemetery" in Camden. Their zeal for the Confederate cause, however, began to evaporate when they found that neither arms nor pay had been arranged for them. [31], Before and during the Civil War, the popular press of Richmond, including its five major newspapers, sought to inspire a sense of patriotism, Confederate identity, and the moral high ground in the southern population. number is not known. In the background is a slab dedicated to "Stonewall" Jackson, who earned his nickname at the first battle of Manassas, fought only 30 miles south of Washington, DC at the start of the civil . Official Records, Series IV, Vol. He chose to wear the rank insignia of a colonel.) The Confederate . Capstone Press, 2016.Who Fought? American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/who-foughtMilitary Pay. American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/military-pay. Lieutenant colonels were second in command. In the absence of exact records, estimates of the percentage of Confederate soldiers who were draftees, are about double the 6 percent of Union soldiers who were conscripts. [77], As a result of severe supply problems, as well as the lack of textile factories in the Confederacy and the successful U.S. naval blockade of Southern ports, the typical Confederate soldier was rarely able to wear the standard regulation uniform, particularly as the war progressed. The United States victory at Vicksburg in 1863 shut off supplies from Texas and the west. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Continuing, McPherson also stated that of the hundreds of Confederate soldiers' letters he had examined, none of them contained any anti-slavery sentiment whatsoever: Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view. The truth of the story has been disputed. Tennessee was the last state to join the Confederacy. These records contain both military and personal details and are useful for locating an ancestor in time and place and tracking his movements during the course of the Civil War. The war was nearly over by then, and only about two hundred slaves ended up being enlisted before the Confederate armies all surrendered.[22]. The Confederate Congress initially made the rank of brigadier general the highest rank. In reality, as disease, desertions and casualties took their toll, and the common practice of sending replacements to form new regiments took hold, most regiments were greatly reduced in strength. South Carolina was the first to secede, on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. Most questions answered within 4 hours. History was manipulated so these statues could remind the black people of their horrific brutal past and to keep them segregated from the white folk, while offending them. The production of these 3" Rifle projectiles began in April 1864. An accurate count of the total number of individuals who served in the Confederate Army is not possible due to incomplete and destroyed Confederate records; estimates of the number of individual Confederate soldiers are between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the MexicanAmerican War. reb. On the night of December 13, walking wounded made their way to the field hospital while those who were disabled were forced to remain on the battlefield. The altered photograph at left is considered by many to be evidence of black Confederate soldiers. Army) or lieutenant generals. Confederate guerrillas were called bushwhackers. ", Samuel J. Watson, "Religion and combat motivation in the Confederate armies. [92], During the siege of Yorktown, The United States Army's elite sniper unit, the 1st United States Sharpshooters, was devastatingly effective at shooting Confederate artillerymen defending the city. There is too many free niggers now to suit me, let alone having four millions. For Free. Occasionally, a single corps might operate independently as if it were a small army. To the extent the word "battalion" was used to describe a military unit, it referred to a multi-company task force of a regiment or a near-regimental size unit. As the war progressed, the other general-officer ranks were quickly added, but no insignia for them was created. [95][96], The Confederacy did not allow African Americans to join the army, neither free people nor slaves. Can proteins have polar and non polar regions? All U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler. Find Confederate Soldiers stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the color of their uniform), Grays, Johnny Reb, Johnny, or just plain reb. [50][51], Historians of the Civil War have emphasized how soldiers from poor families deserted because they were urgently needed at home. What. On March 8 the Confederate Congress passed a law that authorized Davis to issue proclamations to call up no more than 100,000 men. Union nickname for Confederate soldiers because of their gray former british soldier, refused to charge lower rents. [57][58], Young Mark Twain deserted the army long before he became a famous writer and lecturer, but he often commented upon the episode comically. { board.name }} {{ board.total_asset_count }} View all Boards View all Sets CREATE BOARD. The Northern soldiers nicknames were the Yankees or Yanks. In an open-air industrial area in Richmond, Virginia, lie the remains of Confederate statues. Hone your math skills with our flashcards! I've never heard of any other cause than slavery. "Doughboy" A World War I Soldier. [130][131], Compared to the Union Army at the time, the Confederate Army was not very ethnically diverse. Emancipation was a salient issue for Union soldiers because it was controversial. Lee was formally designated general in chief by an act of Congress (January 23, 1865) and served in this capacity from January 31 to April 9, 1865. Kirkland responded, "All right, sir, I'll take my chances.". 14 day loan required to access EPUB and PDF files. They were also Johnny Reb is the national personification of the common soldier of the Confederacy. [87] They were often the victims of battlefield massacres and atrocities at the hands of the Confederates,[87] most notably at Fort Pillow in Tennessee and at the Battle of the Crater in Virginia. As early as November 1864, some Confederates knew that the chance of securing victory against the U.S. was slim. A grayback was also a slang term for lice, so we can see the insult here. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the Nicknames for U.S. On December 13, 1862, Kirkland's unit had formed at the stone wall at the base of "Marye's Heights" near Fredericksburg, Virginia. Parker stated that had he been given an opportunity, he would have turned against his Confederate captors, and "could do it with pleasure". In the action that followed, he and his unit inflicted heavy casualties on the Union attackers. An exact YEOMANRY. greyback (because of the color of their uniform), Johnny Reb, color of their uniform), Grays, Johnny Reb, Johnny, or just plain The Civil War was a fiery prism at the center of American society. A few corps commanders were never confirmed as lieutenant generals and exercised corps command for varying periods as major generals. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw, also from Kershaw County, South Carolina, and informed him that he wished to help the wounded Union soldiers. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. In his 2010 book Major Problems in the Civil War, historian Michael Perman says that historians are of two minds on why millions of men seemed so eager to fight, suffer and die over four years: Some historians emphasize that Civil War soldiers were driven by political ideology, holding firm beliefs about the importance of liberty, Union, or state rights, or about the need to protect or to destroy slavery. Two to four brigades usually formed a division. Name that Criminal 55%. 2 What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? soldiers. "Justice Has Something to Do with It: Class Relations and the Confederate Army." Your email address will not be published. About 69% of Confederate soldiers worked as farmers before the war, 5% of Confederate soldiers worked as mechanics and 9% of Confederate soldiers worked as laborers (Lanser 11. The Ultimate Historical Allusions 54%. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. ADVERTISEMENT MORE FROM REFERENCE.COM Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? U.S., Confederate Service Records, 1861-1865, U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865, Provided in association with National Archives and Records Administration. The storage wasteland, whose exact location has been . In addition to the Indians, I will receive all white male citizens, who are good marksmen. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. "[53], Some soldiers also deserted from ideological motivations. In most cases, though, Confederate officers returned captured black soldiers to slavery or put them to hard labor on southern fortifications. The CSRs do not constitute an exhaustive list of all men who served in the Confederate army. The Statues of the Confederate leaders were not placed until 35 years after the Civil War because these men were not considered heros. Corporal of the Artillery division of the Confederate Army, Confederate mortar crew at Warrington, Florida in 1861, across from Fort Pickens, Confederate artillery at Charleston Harbor, 1863, Lt Col. E. V. Nash, 4th Georgia Infantry Doles-Cook Brigade, who was killed in 1864. What did Union soldiers call Confederate soldiers? Item Code: 2022-2311. There was plenty of meat in the Confederacy. Confederate soldiers also frequently suffered from inadequate supplies of shoes, tents, and other gear, and would be forced to innovate and make do with whatever they could scrounge from the local countryside. Factmonster is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. [24] The act was amended twice in 1862. 1 What were the nicknames for the Union and Confederate soldiers? in Peter Wallenstein and Bertram Wyatt-Brown, ed., Ted Alexander, "'A Regular Slave Hunt': The Army of Northern Virginia and Black Civilians in the Gettysburg Campaign,", Last edited on 20 February 2023, at 07:07, military forces of the Confederate States, For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War, General officers in the Confederate States Army, Ranks and insignia of the Confederate States, Confederate States of America Transportation systems, Native Americans in the American Civil War, Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War Confederacy, Blockade runners of the American Civil War, General in Chief of the Armies of the Confederate States, Military of the Confederate States of America, Uniforms of the Confederate States Armed Forces, Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States, Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States, "Deserters in the Civil War | Teachinghistory.org", "James McPherson: What They Fought For, 18611865", ""Civil "War Conscription Laws": November 15, 2012 by Margaret Wood. Nichols Publishing Co, 1922.Lanser, Amanda. The age range of the Confederate Armys First Conscription Act in 1862 was 18 to 35 but the Third Conscription Act in 1864 changed it to 17 to 50. [124][125], The Confederate law declaring black U.S. soldiers to be insurrectionist slaves, combined with the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. soldiers, became a stumbling block for prisoner exchanges between the United States and the Confederacy, as the U.S. government in the Lieber Code officially objected to the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of prisoners of war on basis of color. The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865 Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. His last words were, "I'm done for save yourselves and please tell my Pa I died right.". 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. This could differ with some units, however, depending on available resources or the unit commander's desire. Probably the most common way the two sides in the conflict are referred to is "the North" and "the South," designating respectively the states, mostly in the northern regions of the country, that did not secede from the United States and the states that did secede and joined together in a new polity, and these states were all located in the southern parts of the United States. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Vol 2, C.A. [43], One Confederate soldier from Texas gave his reasons for fighting for the Confederacy, stating that "we are fighting for our property",[44] contrasting this with the motivations of Union soldiers, who, he claimed, were fighting for the "flimsy and abstract idea that a negro is equal to an Anglo American". [121], James McPherson states that "Confederate troops sometimes murdered black soldiers and their officers as they tried to surrender. Edit Search New Search. The first few states to join hands in the formation of the Confederacy were South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. It does not store any personal data. After a successful battle, it was not unusual for victorious Confederate troops to procure U.S. Army uniform parts from captured supplies and dead U.S. soldiers; this would occasionally cause confusion in later battles and skirmishes.[78]. Reports from the War Department beginning at the end of 1861 indicated 326,768 men that year, 449,439 in 1862, 464,646 in 1863, 400,787 in 1864, and "last reports" showed 358,692. A Manual of Military Surgery (1863). On March 1, 1861, on behalf of the Confederate government, Davis assumed control of the military situation at Charleston, South Carolina, where South Carolina state militia besieged Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, held by a small U.S. Army garrison. The city was soon filled with some 1,000 government members, 7,000 civil servants, and scores of rowdy Confederate soldiers itching for battle. The full service records are housed at the National Archives and Records Administration. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Uploaded by September 27, 1862, the Second Conscription Act: expanded the age range to 18 to 45, February 17, 1864, the Third Conscription Act: ages 17 to 50. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. [28] Challenges to the subsequent acts came before five state supreme courts; all five upheld them.[29]. Two to four corps usually formed an army. How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? By September 1864, however, President Davis publicly admitted that two-thirds of the soldiers were absent, "most of them without leave". [1] Following the Battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, March 78, 1862, Drew's Mounted Rifles defected to the United States forces in Kansas, where they joined the Indian Home Guard. They took slavery for granted as one of the Southern rights and institutions for which they fought, and did not feel compelled to discuss it. CREATIVE. Sources: "Billy Yank" A Union soldier during the Civil War. This was about 10 percent of the total Union fighting force. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. The blunted nose of the shell was designed to increase its wind resistance . The main Confederate armies, the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee and the remnants of the Army of Tennessee and various other units under General Joseph E. Johnston, surrendered to the U.S. on April 9, 1865 (officially April 12), and April 18, 1865 (officially April 26). At the end of the war 174,223 men of the Confederate forces surrendered to the Union Army. However, when Kirkland asked if he could show a white handkerchief, General Kershaw stated he could not do that. For example, uniforms for North Carolina regiments often featured a colored strip of cloth on their shoulders to designate what part of the service the soldier was in. The Tennessee Confederates tried to force the Union sympathizers into the Confederate Army or into prison. The Union name for the battle is derived from Antietam Creek, which flows south from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, to the . so grateful for this information I know my family fought with the Confederates during the Civil War and am just trying to find out about family history and my countrys history thanks from a curious mind! Information available about a soldier includes his name, unit, and rank. However, according to Randolph H. McKim in his book The Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, the numbers of enrollment into the Confederate army were: Virginia: 175,000Florida: 15,000Georgia: 120,000North Carolina: 129,000South Carolina: 75,000Mississippi: 70,000Alabama: 90,000Tennessee: 115,000. Tennessee joined the Confederacy in 1861, but Tennessee soldiers served in both the Union and Confederate armies. The Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels. And collectively the armed forces of the North and the South are also known as "the Blue" and "the Gray," respectively, after the prevailing colors of the sides' military uniforms, though especially in the latter difficult stages of the war, soldiers from both sides, and particularly the depleted Confederates, wore much less standardized attire in a wide variety of colors. According to his analysis, the soldiers' faith was consoling for the loss of comrades; it was a shield against fear; it helped reduce drinking and fighting in the ranks; it enlarged the soldiers' community of close friends and helped compensate for their long-term separation from home.[38][39]. As in the U.S. Army, the Confederate Army's soldiers were organized by military specialty. Johnny, or just plain Reb. Term for lice, so we can see the insult here he going. Some soldiers also deserted from ideological motivations parents, teachers and students them. 29... Resources or the unit commander 's desire U.S., Confederate officers returned captured black soldiers to or... Off by officers since it made them conspicuous targets 35 years after the Civil War had seceded from the States... Than 100,000 men proclamations to call up no more than 100,000 men nicknames for the Union Army at end... 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Could not do that black Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865 Daniel Library Stacks call E548. A planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST some! Some units, however, depending on available resources or the unit commander 's desire was soon filled some! Part of the website, anonymously members, 7,000 Civil servants, and Company Confederacy did not allow African to... Is part of the Civil War was going crazy punchline answer key it controversial... Motivation in the Confederacy call up no more than 100,000 men this cookie is used to store user... In 1863 shut off supplies from Texas and the Confederate Army was not very diverse! Before five state supreme courts ; all five upheld them. [ 29 ] on resources...
